berthon



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

L. A. BERTHON. TELEPHONIO CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS.

Patented Feb, 10, .1885.

A H ANRN u N A -INVENTUR:

WITNESSES:

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. A. BERTHON. TELEPHONIG GIROUIT AND APPARATUS.

N06 311,944. Patented Feb. 10, 1885.

,WITNESSES; to l NVE NTUF:

WYQEY'L W M M @Q N. Pmjms. Flm'o-Lilhugnphon Washington. D. C,

(ND Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

L. A. BERTHON. TELEPHONIU GIRUUIT AND APPARATUS.

N0. 311,944. Patented Feb. 10, 1 885,

INVENTEIH: WITNESSES: $0M 5x 3 amma:

mwfin v p QDA MLDW N, PETERS. Phmvblhngraphur. Washmglun. I)v c.

4 (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

L; BERTHON. TELEPHONIO CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS.

110,311,944. Patented. Feb. 10, 1886.

5 Sheets-qSheet 5.

(No Model.)

L. A. BERTHON. TELBPHONIG CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS. No. 311,944.

Patented Feb. 10, 41885.

AAW M W -|NVE NTUR:

WITNESSES? I gm m UNTTen @TATFS PATENT thrice.

Louis ALFRED enn'rnon, or rams, reason, ASSIG-NOR TO run SOOI'FITEGENERALE nus TELEPHONES, or SAME PLACE.

-TELEPHONIC CIRCUIT AND APPARATUS.

JAPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,944, datedFebruary 10, 1885.

A pplicatiorufiled October 16, 1854. (No model.) Patented in FranceFebruary 23, 1883, No. 154,019; in Brlgium April 5, 1894, 50. 64,7. inEngland April 5, 1884,13'0. 6,013, and in Italy May 29, 1894, No.16,845].

To all 111700711, [It may concern: I

Be it known that I, LOUIS ALFRED BER- THON, a citizen of the FrenchRepublic, and a resident of Paris, France, have invented certainImprovements in Telephonic Circuits and Apparatus, of which thefollowing is a specilication.

I have been granted Letters Patent for this inventioniu the followingcountries: France, IO February 28, 1883, No. 154,019; Belgium,

April 5, 1881-, No. 64,751; England, April 5, 1884, No. (3,013, andItaly, May 28, 1884, No. 16,849.

The object ot'iny invention is to enable two (where their lines are onceconnected by the intermediary of one or more central oflices) to call upeach otherby a bell, with the aidof a special key, without derangingtheir own apparatuscs or those of the intermediate central offices;hence the name of direct call which I have applied to this system.Inversely,any subscriber whatever may, with the aid ofanother key, callup the central office without actuating the bell ofthe subscriber withwhich he has been in communication. Thus itwill be seen that my systempermits of both the direct Tall and the simple or office call. In orderto realize these resultsnamely, the double "all-I place at the stationof each subscriber two keys, which permit him to send the current of thecall-battery in two different ways on the line in such a manner that oneactuates either the call indicators or annunciators at the centraloffices or the bell of one or the other subscriber. I

Before proceeding to describe my invention further, I will say that inthe annexed drawings, which illustrate it, Figure 1 is a diagram showingthe whole arrangen'ient of circuits and apparatuses, including stationsof two subscribers and two intermediate central offices. Fig. 2 is aplan view showing the key for the direct call and the key for the oiiicecall mounted on one base. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the first'namedkey, and Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the lastnanied key. Figs. 5 and 6are respectively subscribers of the same telephonic system.

an elevation and plan of the key used in the central office to callsubscribers furnished with the direct call. Figs. 7 and 8 arerespectively an elevation and plan of the key employed by the subscriberto reverse the current when polarized apparatus isused, as will bedescribed. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the manner of winding thebobbirrwiresof the subscribers relay, and Fig. 10 shows this relay ineleva tion. Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating air other method ofwinding the bobbins of the relay. Fig. 12 is an elevation, and Fig. 13 aplan, of this type of relay. Figs. 14: and 15 are respectively a sectionand plan of the polarized relay of the subscriber, which will behereinafter described. Figs. 16 and 17 are elevations, and Fig. 18 is aplan, of one form or type of relay; and Fig. 19 is a diagram showing themethod of winding the bobbinwires and arranging the connections. Thisrelay will be fully described hereinafter. Fig.

20 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the circuits and apparatuseswhen polarized apparatuses are employed.

Referring now to Fig. 1, which shows the apparatuses at the stations oftwo subscribers,

A and A, and at two intermediate central 7 ofiices, B and B and theconnecting-circuits, I will proceed to describe in detail the variousarrangements and operations of the parts employed in effecting theseveral objects of my invention.

I. Direct call on doable-wire Zines-JIM will consider in turn theseveral cases that present themselves.

1. Simple call of ofiice B by subscriber A. The movement of the currentis as follows: By pressing on officecall key 0 B, the cur rent frombattery 1? A departs by copper pole c, traverses key 0 B at contacts 0b, traverses key 0 A by way of the contacts m 71, reaches the centraloffice B by line-wire L, 0 arriving at the front plate, 1?, of the jack,traverses the relay R, which is actuated, closing a bell-circuit. Theoperator is thus advised that subscriber A requests communication. Thecurrent leaves'relay R, comes to 5 the back plate, p, of the jack by themovable contact 12 q, reaches the line-wire Z, comes to the station A,traverses key 0 A by way of g n and the key 0 B (on which one haspressed) by a e, and from thence it reaches the zinc pole z of battery PA, thus completing the circuit.

2. OaZZ of subscriber A by the ofiiee B.-

Put the copper pole c of the battery P B (of which zinc pole z is alwaysconnected with earth) in communication with the two linewires Z L bypressing on key O B, and by introducing the pin f into the right-handhole of the jack P p of subscriber A, so as to send the current frombattery P B into relay R of hell S at the station of the subscriber A,then to earth T. There are two manipulations to maker (a) Introduce pinf into the right-hand hole in jack P p, at which are attached the twoline-wires L and l of subscriber A, so as to put in communication thetwo wires 1. and o of the flexible cord with the two plates P p as wellas with the line-wires L Z. In order to render the diagram more clear, Ihave represented the two plates of the jack arranged one above theother; but in reality they are superposed and insulated from each other.The introduction of the pin, as described, has the further effect oflowering the Stud 20 of plate (1, which are in one piece, so as to breakthe contact a q, and prevent a derived current from traversing relay R.

(b) On pressing key O B, the pin f being in'place in the right-hand holeof the jack, the current circulates as follows: from earth T to zincpole z of the battery P B, through this battery to key 0 B, and fromblock b through spring-plates e and d of the key 0 The current nowtravels parallel in the two wires t o, and reaches line-wires Z and L byway of the jack P 1). We will now follow, first, the current on line L,and then on line Z up to the point r, where we will find that the twocurrents, moving in the same direction, come together again. On the'lineL the current passes from springplate h (of keyO A) at the bridge m,from spring-plate b (of key 0 B) at the bridge d, and from thence to 1'.On the line Z the current traverses the key 0 A from g to n, and the keyO B from a to f, passes from w to '1, and attains the junction r. From rthe whole current passes into the relay R, and reaches the earth'T bythe intermediary of contact (1 p, which contact is effected only whenthe lever A is depressed, as shown in the drawings, by hanging thetelephone on its hooked end. ,The current, leaving the-earth T at thecentral office B, arrives at the earth T at station of subscriber A, andthus completes the circuit, traversing the relay R, whichit actuates.The armature '0 of relay R, in touching the contact t, closes the localcircuit t v, P S, S of bell S of the subscriber A, 'whothus receives acall.

3. OaZZ of central 'ojfiee B by central ofiice and thence to r.

B.Introduce pin f into jack 1) P, a d

press a key, 0 B, to send on a complete metallic circuit the currentfrom the battery P B into relay r" at central office B. Otherwise thiscall is not peculiar to my system.

4. Direct eaZZ between subscrtbers.ln order to make this call, thesubscriberA, for example-must' request the two intermediate centraloffices, B and B to connect his two wires with those of the subscriber,A, he wishes to call. To do this the operator at B must connect thelines L and L on the one hand and the lines Z and Z on the other hand bya flexible connector provided with pins similar tof. At the ofiice B theoperator must connect lines L" L" and Z l in the same manner. The relaysR and r must be cut out of the circuit, andjtlle relay s Riand aileft inderivation, in order that subsFriber A, by pressing in key 0 B, can callB; also subscriber A can call A. The communications being thusestablished, in order that A may be called by A, it is sufficientfor Ato press on key 0 A to put the zinc polez of battery P A to earth T, andto unite the line-wires L and Zin such a way that if these twoline-wires have the same resistance the difference of potential is nullat the central offices B and B, at the points of attachment V and o andV and '0 of each of the relays R and 1" left in derivation, and which,therefore,will not be act-uated by the passage of the current thus sent,while the relay R at station A will be actuated and the local circuit ofbell S be closed.

bfovement of the eurrent.lVhen the key O A is pressed at station A, thecurrent leaves the copper pole of batteryP A, enters the key 0 A at Z,passes thence by spring-plates h and 9, through which it gains the linesL and l. The double current traverses office B by means of the flexibleconnector which connects plates pp and P P of the two jacks. From thenceit gains lines L Z traverses office B the same as office B, and we haveseen that it cannotactuate the relays r and R left in derivation. Thecurrent arrives at station A by way of the two line-wires L and Z. WVewill now follow the current on each of the two line-wires L and Z up totheir junction at 1". For line L: spring-plate 9, bridge n, thencethrough key 0 B by way of springplate a and bridge f, through contact wy, The wire Z arrives at key 0 A by way of spring-plate h, passes tobridge m, traverses key O B by spring-plate b and bridge (Z, and thusgains the point at junction r with L From 1" the whole current reachesthe relay R, which it traverses and actuates. The armature 'U of thisrelay, in contacting with t, puts the bell S in circuit with the batteryP S, the bell is sounded, and subscriber A is called. In passing out ofrelay R the current reaches'earth T by way of contact q 1). Now, thezinc pole z of battery P A is also connected with earth, because bypressing on key 0 Athe block is is put in con- 311cm 1 I 3 tact withspring-platej,whieh is connected to earth T by way of cont-acts p q.

N0tc.lt is evident that it the two subscribers A and A were put incommunication by the intermediary of only one'central office B theeffect and result wouldbe the same. In the call of subscriber A bysubscriber A there would simply be one manipulation less-namely, thecall of oflice by office B.

I will 'now describe the special apparatus employed in my system justdescribed. This is of two kinds-namely, the keys and relays.

Keys.-lhc keys have either two or three spring-plates, separated eitherby metal or insulating material. On pressing down on the one button thespring-plates are made to contact either with each other or with otherparts (the blocks) at the same time that they abandon their contactswith certain parts (the bridges) with which they are in contact when atrest, and which contacts it is necessary to break. In Fig. 2-which is aplan showing the direct-call key G A and the office-call key 0 B mountedon one base-the former is shown at the left and the latter at the right.Fig. 3 shows the direct-call key in elevation, and Fig. at theoffice-eall key in elevation. The direct-call key 0 A has three spring-plates, g, h, and j, the plate g bearing the operatingbutton. m and nare the bridges bearing the normal contacts. is and Z are the blocksbearing the opposite contacts. The office-call key 0 B has but twospring-plates, a and Z), the plate a bearing the operating-button. fand(Z are the bridges bearin g the normal contacts. 6 and c are the blocksbearing the opposite contacts. The key used at the central oflices tocall the subscribers furnished with the directcallthat is to say, thekey lettered O B-is illustratedin Figs. 5 and 6. This key--which is thesame as key 0 B and C B in Fig. l has two spring-plates, (Z and a, theformer of which bears the operating-button. a is the bridge providedwith the normal contact for (Z, and b is the block bearing the lower 0ontact for c. The construction and operation of these keys will be readilyunderstood from the drawings.

ReZa-ys.'lhe relays placed at the stations of the subscribers arepeculiarly constructed. They are of two diiferent types or kinds, andthey may be intercalated in the line in two different ways to accomplishthe-same purpose, which is to close a local bell-circuit with the aid oflike currents.

First type of rcZa .-See Figs. 9 and 10. In the relays R It at thehouses or stations of the subscribers the inner extremities of the wiresare, as shown in the diagram Fig. 9, wound on each bobbin of the relayand connected together. The-exterior extremities of said wires areconnected, one to the point B and the other to the earth. They areordinary twobobbin relays. (Shown in elevation inFig. 10.) This relay isintercalated between the point B and the earth, and it is actuated by acurrent formed by the union of two other currents, which arrive at thesame time on the lines Land Z. An ordinary two-bobbin relay placed onthe wire going from the point B ofjunction of 7c the lines L and Z tothe earth permits of solving the problem of a direct call betweensubscribers, such as presents itself in the case we have described; buta case may present itself where relays placed in this'manner willsometimes causeinconvenience. Thisis where two subscribers are connectedin direct call by but one ofliee with very short lines. The greatestpartof the call-current at the central office, finding no resistance toits flow by way of L B Z, will pass by that way, while a very feebleportion of the current will. pass through the relay in derivation attheoiilce, this relay presenting a considerable resistance, (two hundredohms.) This relay, then, will not be actu-. ated and thesubscriber willfind it impossible to call the central office. There is, however, ameans of avoiding thisineonvenience,which I will now point out. Thisconsists in intercalating in the lines L and Z suitable-resistances, inorder that the derivation at the central office may be sufficient; butas there are some resistances which are of no use, the use of aresistance may be avoided by employing another type of relay, which Iwill now describe.

Second type of relay- This relay is illustrated in Figs. 11, 12, and 13.In this construction the attachment of the bobbin-wires differs fromthat previously described. The line-wires L and Z are attached, the oneto the exterior extremity of the wire of one bobbin and the other to theinterior extremity of the wire of the other bobbin, while the interiorextremity of the wire of the first'named bob- 'bin is connected to theexterior extremity ofthelast-named bobbin. The point B of junction ofthe two lines L and Z with the earth is placed on the wire which unitesthe interior-extremity of the wire of bobbin b to the exterior extremityof the wire of bobbin 1). It results from this special mode ofattachment that the relay will only be aetuated when the line-wires LZshall be traversed simultaneously by two currents in the samedirection, for in this case two poles of contrary names will be formedin each of the bobbins Z) and b, while, if there are two currents inopposite directions circulating in the two wires, two poles of the samename will be formed in bobbins b and b, and the relay will not beactuated. This last construction of the relay, although introducing intothe circuit a greater resistance than that of an ordinary two-bobbinrelay, 'ispreferable to thelatter, be- 12;, cause it solves the problemof direct call in a general way and is suited to lines of any length.

In Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19 I have shown a variety 01' modification ofthe second type of relay seen in Figs. 11, 12, and 13, wherein the 1 0construction is more economical, at the same time that it occupies verynearly the same space as the relays R B, so that we may substitute onefor the other on the table hearing all the direct-call apparatus. Thepieces M M M are of soft iron, as well as the cores N Nof the twobobbins B B. The brass armv A is insulated electrically from thestandard M. The point ofthe screw C, which regulates the tension of theretracting-spring D, is insulated. The two extremities of alocal circuitcomprising a battery and a bell end at the binding-posts P (battery) andS, (bell). Thebinding-post P is .in communication with the brass plateor block E, the brass connecting-piece G, the iron tie-piece M, and thecore N of bobbin B. The standard M and piece G may be made from onepiece of brass. The binding-post S is in communica tion with the brassarm A, the brass bracket H, and the armature-M. It results from thisthat if the armature M and core N come in contact the local belt-circuitwill be closed. This attraction will take place in the following cases:If two currents moving in the same direction and parallel on the twoline-wires L and L arrive at and traverse the bobbins B B and then reachthe earth T, they determine at the ends of cores N and N poles ofopposite polarity or contrary names, and the armature M will beattracted. If, on the contrary, the current arriving by line L traversesfirst the bobbin B and then bobbin B and returns by the line L, thepoles determined at the ends of the bobbin-cores will be of likepolarity or of the same name, and the armature M will not be attracted.\Ve see, then, that this relay is actuated by two currents togethermoving in the same direction,

arriving by the two line-wires L and L, gaincut out, the pin 9 cuttingthe spring-plate 1- out ing the earth T after having traversed thebobbins B and B, while a current moving through a complete metalliccircuit does not actuate it.

II. Direct call withpoiarized apparatus on single or double wireZines.This system consists in providing the subscribers and theintermediate central offices connected for direct call with polarizedapparatus. A current in one direction aotuates the apparatuses of thesubscribers, and a current in the opposite direction operates theapparatuses at the central offices. It is essential that all thepolarized apparatuses shall be traversed in one direction by thecurrent,which implies that the apparatuses are necessarily placed inderivation to earth if the lines are single-wire lines, or in derivationon the two wires if the lines are double-wire lines. This is thebasis ofthe system.

The apparatuses necessary in this system are:

At the-subscribers: first, a key for changing the current; second, apolarized relay. In other respects the telephonic station may beprovided in the usual or any way.

At the central office: first, a polarized ana current obtained byputting the zinc at the station of the subscriber A to earth and thecopper to the line will actuate the polarized relay at the station ofsubscriber B, and will be without effect on the polarized indicators atthe oflices G and D. It will result from this that A,-by pressing key E,can ring up B, and that by pressing key G he can ring up office 0.

1. Direct call of B by A. \Ve will follow the current obtained bypressing on key E: earth T, spring-plate a, block b, zinc 0, copper d ofthe callbattery, block 6, spring-plate f, line L,pin g inserted in the'ack,flexible connector joining gand 72, pin h, line L, pins ij, line Lspring-plate k, bridge Z, binding-posts m and n, binding-posts 0 and 1),between which is ar ranged the polarized relay, binding-posts q and 1",bridge 8, spring-plate t, and earth T. Thus the circuit is completedthrough theearth. We have seen that the current has passed fromo to 1)through the polarized relay N, and the result is that its armatureswings from contact o. to contact ,9 thus closing the local circuit ofhell P. This local circuit is as follows: [2 7 i. u 7) 1?.

\Ve have examined the principal circuit, leaving aside severalderivations, which Iwill now consider.

First. At the station of subseriber Athere' are'no derivations. v

Second. 'At office 0: The annunciator H is from the piece a. Theannunciator I is in derivation through the spring-plate r, the piece afrom 00 to y in Land thence to earth Tflwhich completes the circuit.

Third. At office D: Annunciator K is cut out and J is in derivation.

Fourth. At the station of subscriber B there are no derivations.

2. Call of oflice O by the subscriber A. This call is effected bypressing key G. The circuit is as follows: earth T, spring-splate f,block 6, copper d, zinc 0, block b, spring. plate a,and line L. Thecurrent thus reaches office 0, where two cases present themselvesnamely: v

First. Communication is established between A and B, as indicated in thediagram...

Then the current divides into three derivations,as we have seen inrespect of the current for calling from A to B. One part passes into theannunciator I, which is arranged in such a way as to be actuated by thecurrent. A second part passes into the annunciator J,

which is also'actuated if the call-battery is sufficiently powerful orthe line L sufficiently short. Finally, a third part is derived into IIOthe polarized relay N which is not actuated, the direction of thecurrent not being suitable.

Second. The communication not being established between A and B, all thecurrent passes into annunciator H at office 0.

3. Call of subscriber A by ofiice C.Substitute pin 9 for pin 1 and presson key'R. The circuit is as follows: earth T battery 8, block e,spring-plate a, pin 9, jack-line L, spring-plate f, bridge Z,binding-posts m a, bridge .9, spring-platef, and earth T, whichcompletes the circuit. The current traverses the polarized relay M,(between binding-posts 0 and p,) and, as the battery 5 and relay M areconstructed in such a way that the relay M will be actuated, itsarmature contacting with closes battery on the bell S.

4. Apparatns.-Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate on a larger scale the keys E andG, placed at the stationof a subscriber for reversing the current. Figs.14 and 15 show on a larger scale the polarized relay M of thesubscriber. The key employed at the central office is sufiicientlyillustrated in Figs. 5 and G. The polarized annuuciator is shown in Fig.20. Q U V is a magnet of such a kind that the armature X is drawn, whileat rest, to the bobbin-core. If a current in the proper direction ispassed into the bobbin, the pole of the core facing the armature X,taking the same polarity as that of the armature, the latter isrepulsed, and is held away by the detent Y. This direct call withpolarized relays can be as well applied to double-wire lines, the

earth T T T T being replaced by a returnwire. \Vith double-wire lines Ican also effect the direct call through the following arrange ment:

I can employ one of the wires exclusively for the direct call betweensubscribers by connecting both extremities of this wire with earth, andI then utilize the other wire for ollice calls by connecting both of itsextremities with earth. For speaking I would use both wires,automatically cutting off the earthconncctions. It will be understoodthat the relays in the offices should be intercalatcd in the second wireof the circuit.

I will say in explanation of Fig. 1 that the lever devices shown at thesubscribers stations A and A at the lower corners of the fig urerepresent the ordinary hooks on which the telephones are hung.

Having thus described my inveniion, I claim- 1. The combination, with atelephonic circuit, substantially as described, comprising thecircuit-wires, the relays at the central offices and at the stations ofthe subscribers, the batteries, the jacks, and the keys at the centraloflice or offices, of the local bell-circuits and bells at the stationsof the subscribers and at the central oflice or offices, and the specialkeys 0 A and G B, for effecting, re-

spectively, the direct call and the office call, said keys beingconstructed and arranged to operate substantially as described.

2. The combination of a telephonic circuit having double-wire lines,foruse as a complete metallic circuit for ordinary telephonic purposes,with the means, substantially as de scribed, for automaticallyconnecting both ends of said line-wires with the earth for of fecting adirect call between subscribers, whereby both wires form one line forthe travel of the current in one direction, while the earth is utilizedfor the return side of the circuit, substantially as set forth.

8. In a telephonic circuit having a doublewire line, the combination,with said circuit, its relays and bell-circuits and bells, of the keys 0A and O B at the station of the subscriber, constructed substantially asshown and described, and the call-key C B at the central office,constructed substantially as set forth, which admits of completing themetallic circuit (a) when at rest, on the telephonic apparatus at thestation of the subscriber; (b) at the time of the call of a subscriber,on the battery at his station, substantially as set forth.

4. The special direct-call key 0 A, provided with three spring-plates,g, h, and j, of which two operate when the button is pressed to join thetwo line-wires, and then. to establish the communication of the linethus formed with one of the poles of the subscribers battery, the otherpole of which is connected to earth by the third plate of the key,substantiall y as set forth.

5. A direct call telephonic circuit; sub stantially as described, havinga bell-relay placed at the station of the subscriber on the earth orground wire which ends at the junction of the two line-wires, the relayserving to close the local circuit for sounding one or more bells,substantially as set forth.

6. In the telephonic system for effecting direct call betweensubscribers, substantially as set forth, the special relay having twobobbins, the wires on which are wound inversely, as set forth, saidrelay being arranged at the j unction of the two line-wires, and theearth or ground wire ending at the junction of the two line-wiresbetween the bobbins of the relay, such relay,when placed at the stationof a subscribcryserving as a sup 4 plementary resistance in the metalliccircuit, and assuring thus sufficient derivation for the annunciator atthe office in the case of the call of this office by the subscriber,substantially as and'for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination of the office-call key 0 B, provided with the meansdescribed for breaking two back or normal contacts and making threeopposite contacts simultaneo usly when pressed, the call-battery P A,the key 0 A, the line-wires L Z, the jack 1 p, and the relay It at thecentral office B,where- ITO by the latter office is called, said key 0 Aforming by its back contacts a part ofthe circuit, substantially asdescribed and shown.

8. The combination ofthe direct-call key 0 A, provided with the meansdescribed for breaking two normal or back Contacts and making threeopposite contacts simultaneous.- 1y when pressed, the battery P A put incircuit by pressure on the key through opposite contact I) and plates hand g, the two linewires forming a divided circuit that becomes onecircuit at r, the key 0 B forming a part of one of these circuits, thekey C 13 forming a part of the other circuit, the circuit from r toearth '1", the relay R, which forms a part of this latter circuit, andthe circuit from the pole z of the battery P A to earth, which is closedby contact of block kwith spring-plate LOUIS ALFRED BERTHON.

Witnesses:

RoBT. M. HOOPER, AMAND BITTER.

